Background check of hiring employee Essay

In these days, record verification of recruiting representative is rehearsing by practically all organizations. Point is that, the aptitudes of the candidate can be, some way or another, made sense of. It is substantially more hard to evaluate the degree of trust, trustworthiness, mental durability, and faithfulness. Perusing part 9, and leading a slight exploration, my responses to the inquiries of the given situation are as per the following: 1.Do hiring offices have a â€Å"duty† to run historical verifications? Assuming this is the case, did Robert half â€Å"breach that duty?† Why or Why not? As indicated by the law of carelessness, hiring organizations ought to follow the obligation strategy on record verification on pre-business, all together not to fulfill a component of carelessness. If there should be an occurrence of Robert Half International Inc., and Fox Associates, Inc., I don’t think, that obligation was penetrated, the organization trusted to gave data by Ms. Ross about herself, and she got great proposals from her previous businesses. At some expand, it is a record verification. 2.The court administered against Fox Associates. Was the court right? Do you figure Fox ought to have done its own historical verification? Why or Why not? I concur with the court choice, that it was resolved that obligation isn't penetrated, in light of the fact that it happened unwittingly. Despite the fact that the organization suggested the worker, Fox could do its own historical verification also. 3.The actuality design makes reference to that Sunbeam endured comparable harms when it neglected to do its own individual verification on Mr. Dunlap, its previous CEO. Who was more to blame, Sunbeam or the Executive hunt organization? For this situation, the issue has an Executive inquiry organization more, than Sunbeam, as it its straight obligation to check foundation before endorse for recruiting. In any case, Sunbeam is at risk for its misfortunes additionally, in light of the fact that it should ask for and check the data about recruiting business. 4.Strategically and legitimately, for what reason do you think the previous bosses said nothing regarding Ms. Ross’ history and gave her great suggestions? There could be a few reasons: 1). the previous bosses may feel thoughtful towards Ms. Ross, and they don’t accept that she has taken any assets; 2) Ms. Ross, undoubtedly a decent master in her field; and the last 3) The previous businesses just didn’t come clean. 5.Develop oneâ unique personal investigation strategies for your organization on workers employed through a pursuit firm or hiring office. The primary thought on personal investigation which I’d like to grow, other than social affair data, affirmation of address, criminal records look, is that pre-representative will respond to some â€Å"simple† questions, which will ask him/her the equivalent, however in various way, and possibly I would include some mental tests, which will inform me as to whether that worker was skilled to accomplish something exploitative in his past work understanding.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria

The Lighthouse of Alexandria The renowned Lighthouse of Alexandria, called Pharos, was worked around 250 B.C. to assist sailors with exploring the harbor of Alexandria in Egypt. It was genuinely a wonder of building, remaining at any rate 400 feet tall, making it perhaps the tallest structure in the antiquated world. The Lighthouse of Alexandria was likewise determinedly constructed, standing tall for more than 1,500 years, until it was at long last toppled by quakes around 1375 A.D. The Lighthouse of Alexandria was extraordinary and thought about one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Reason The city of Alexandria was established in 332 B.C. by Alexander the Great. Situated in Egypt, only 20 miles west of the Nile River, Alexandria was consummately arranged to turn into a significant Mediterranean port, helping the city to prosper. Before long, Alexandria got one of the most significant urban communities of the old world, known far and wide for its popular library. The main hindrance was that sailors thought that it was hard to keep away from the stones and shores when drawing closer Alexandria’s harbor. To help with that, just as to offer an exceptionally amazing expression, Ptolemy Soter (Alexander the Great’s replacement) requested a beacon to be fabricated. This was to be the primary structure at any point assembled exclusively to be a beacon. It was to take roughly 40 years for the Lighthouse at Alexandria to be manufactured, at last being done around 250 B.C. Engineering There’s a great deal we don’t think about the Lighthouse of Alexandria, yet we do recognize what it resembled. Since the Lighthouse was a symbol of Alexandria, its picture showed up in numerous spots, remembering for antiquated coins. Planned by Sostrates of Knidos, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was a strikingly tall structure. Situated on the eastern finish of the island of Pharos close to the passage of Alexandria’s harbor, the Lighthouse was soon itself called â€Å"Pharos.† The Lighthouse was at any rate 450 feet high and made of three segments. The bottommost area was square and held government workplaces and pens. The center segment was an octagon and held a gallery where visitors could sit, appreciate the view, and be served refreshments. The top area was tube shaped and held the fire that was consistently lit to guard sailors. At the top was a huge sculpture of Poseidon, the Greek divine force of the ocean. Incredibly, inside this mammoth beacon was a spiraling slope that hinted at the highest point of the bottommost area. This permitted ponies and wagons to convey supplies to the top segments. It is obscure what precisely was utilized to make the fire at the highest point of the Lighthouse. Wood was impossible since it was rare in the area. Whatever was utilized, the light was successful †sailors could without much of a stretch see the light from miles away and could in this way discover their route securely to port. Demolition The Lighthouse of Alexandria represented 1,500 years - a surprising number considering it was an emptied out structure the stature of a 40-story building. Curiously, most beacons today look like the shape and structure of the Lighthouse of Alexandria. At last, the Lighthouse outlasted the Greek and Roman domains. It was then assimilated into the Arab domain, yet its significance wound down when Egypt’s capital was moved from Alexandria to Cairo. Having protected sailors for a considerable length of time, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was at last pulverized by a seismic tremor at some point around 1375 A.D. A portion of its squares were taken and used to manufacture a stronghold for the ruler of Egypt; others fell into the sea. In 1994, French prehistorian Jean Yves Empereur, of the French National Research Center,â investigated the harbor of Alexandria and found at any rate a couple of these squares still in the water. Sources Curlee, Lynn. Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. New York: Atheneum Books, 2002.Silverberg, Robert. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. New York: Macmillan Company, 1970.

Argumentative Philosophy Essay Topics

Argumentative Philosophy Essay TopicsArgumentative philosophy essay topics will emphasize a philosophical problem and then introduce a logical argument that supports the conclusion. Philosophers write about their discoveries in ethics, politics, epistemology, metaphysics, and other areas of research. Arguments are used to answer questions and explore philosophical problems. For many people, an argumentative essay is the core of a successful course work.It is not uncommon for students to submit a self-contained argumentative essay, but it may be helpful to think about the theme of the argument, including a place or events that the student observed that caused him to reach his conclusion. Arguments are possible even in less apparent circumstances.The argumentative essay topics may focus on an idea, law, or structure that makes the essay relevant to current issues. Any discussion of the history of a concept will be a good topic for an argumentative essay. Philosophers have debated many subjects over many years, and many ideas are still controversial today. History provides ample opportunity for students to explore concepts through a historical lens. Of course, the history also has its challenges, including negative consequences.The essay must follow certain general rules. Each argument must be well-structured and the writer must be careful not to use ad hominem attacks or jargon that could mislead readers. Avoiding a question that can be answered with one statement is part of writing an argumentative essay. If it is not clear enough, do not continue to attempt to answer the question in the essay.The arguments should be thoroughly and logically explained in the essay topics. The essay should cover both a positive and a negative side of the issue and outline why one party's position is right or acceptable. An author should include references to the sources that support his or her case.The theses need to be supported by evidence. Examine the evidence carefully, check ing it against other evidence and the known facts. Evidence supporting a point of view can be contradictory or confirmatory, so an author must be prepared to make a distinction between the two.Students should review the evidence in order to uncover the main points. If there is a weakness in the reasoning, the student can either move the evidence to another aspect of the essay or he or she can reconsider the issue.Argumentative essay topics will use many examples to support the arguments. This is a key part of writing an essay that has a solid structure. Proofread the examples in advance and then add supporting evidence for each idea or concept.

Treatments Of Alcoholism Essay - 1826 Words

Treatments of Alcoholism Alcoholism can destroy the life of an alcoholic and devastate the alcoholics family. But it also has overwhelming consequences for society. Consider these statistics from the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence: *In 1988, alcoholism and problems related to it nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;cost the United States an estimated $85.8 billion in mortality and reduced productivity; *Fetal alcohol syndrome, caused by a womans drinking during pregnancy, afflicts five thousand infants a year; it costs about $1.4 billion annually to treat the infants, children and adults afflicted with FAS; *More than twenty thousand people die annually in alcohol related car accidents. (Institute of Medicine, 1989)†¦show more content†¦The Health Recovery Center (HRC) in Minneapolis claims a 74 percent success rate (patients still sober one year later) and differs from conventional programsin several significant ways. First, it focuses on uncovering and treating physiological imbalances that may be causing alcohol cravings and throwing the entire body out of whack. For example: hypoglycemia is a common imbalance found in up to three quarters of alcoholics. The centers philosophy is simple quot;Until the body begins getting the essential nutrients it needs, recovery cannot begin.quot; (Ewing, 1978) They believe that no amount of talk will stop the cravings, anxiety, depression, mental confusion and fatigue that result from alcohols biochemical and neurochemical damage. quot;There is not time to obsess over past traumas when youre dying of a major disease. Why do people persist in believing that the damage done by excess ingestion of alcohol can be undone wi th psychological methods alone?quot; (Ewing, 1978) The Health Recovery Center is devo ted to the restoration of bodies, minds and spirits that have been ravaged by alcohol. Such restoration begins the moment a new patient walks through the door. After the staff physician takes a thorough medical history and performs the initial physical exam, the patient is hooked up to an IV solution, out of whichShow MoreRelatedFactors, Symptoms and Treatment of Alcoholism Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesAlcoholism is a chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors. The disease is often progressive and fatal if left untreated. It is characterized by impaired control over alcohol use despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking. There are critics who disagree with calling Alcoholism a disease despite the definition on the word disease which means an involuntary disability but the fact that alcoholism is a disease is widely accepted within the medical and scientificRead MoreAlcoholism-The Need for Improvement of Alcohol Treatment Programs574 Words   |  3 Pagesstudents, and adults. The word alcoholic means anyone who is affected by drinking, and seriously influences or interferes with his/her work, family, or health (Alcoholic. 2009Merriam-Webster Dictionary) Alcoholism is a disease, and one of the worst to have. Over nine million Americans have alcoholism (Harris, 2000). Programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), have a very high failure rate. About 90% to be more accurate. Very few alcoholics make it successfully through AA, leaving little chance forRead More Alcohol and Drinking - Treatments for Alcoholism Essay examples1903 Words   |  8 PagesTreatments for Alcoholism      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Where can alcoholics receive help? â€Å"Hospitals, psychiatric agencies, public-welfare departments, and social agencies, among others are often reluctant to provide care and treatment for problem drinkers† (Plaut, 53). Although it is difficult to help these problems drinkers, many people will give all they can to help these problem drinkers. â€Å"The provision of treatment to problem drinkers is complicated because they differ from one to another in so many ways†Read MoreChildhood Alcoholism And The Effect Of The 12 Step Program For Alcoholics Anonymous As A Form Of Treatment1147 Words   |  5 PagesJane Kwon PSY 4470 June 5, 2015 Research Paper Alcoholism is a growing problem in the United States. It can, and oftentimes does, result in illnesses and deaths. â€Å"Alcohol is the world’s third largest risk factor for disease and contributes to 4 [percent] of the global burden of disease† (Marshall, 2014). In relation to alcoholism, specifically adolescent alcoholism is a growing concern in the United States. The age at which young people are starting to experiment with alcohol is younger than everRead MoreAlcoholism : The Misuse And Addiction1361 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholism: The Misuse and Addiction â€Å"I know my limit†, â€Å"Just one more drink†, and â€Å"I’m not drunk† are common phrases people often associate with being an alcoholic. While is true that some alcoholics can use such phrases, that is not what makes them an alcoholic. Alcoholics or rather anyone who happens to drink a little too much, are marked as being alcoholics. But what does it really mean to be an alcoholic? Or better yet, what does it mean to suffer from Alcoholism? Over the years, a controversialRead MoreAlcoholism : Alcoholism And Drug Dependence1054 Words   |  5 PagesAlcoholism is a problem affecting millions of families around the world. Based on the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Inc., Alcoholism is considered a family disease due to the amount of stress that family members go through (NCADD, 2016). Alcoholism is an addiction that requires treatment and support from family members and friends. It is important, to understand the effects that alcoholism can bring to the alcoholic and to the family members. Some of these effects cause healthRead MoreAlcoholism : Is Alcoholism A Disease?929 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism has raised many debates over the truth of its nature. Many scholars argue that alcoholism can be treated as a disease. Such approach to defining alcoholism means denying that alcohol abusers own a choice. In consequence, the treatment related differs and may or may not actually help alcoholics recover . A wrong diagnostic of this addiction can lead to serious health issues; therefore, it is vital to answer the following question: Is alcoholism a disease? Most experts in this field criticisesRead MoreIs Alcoholism a Disease?691 Words   |  3 PagesAlcoholism as a disease? Alcoholism today is not considered as a moral failure, majority of the people view it as a disease. Alcoholism is a chronic primary and progressive disease and it can also be fatal in some instances. It is termed as a chemical disease as it breaks down in the stomach as well as bringing a different effect on the brain of the alcoholic as compared to a non-alcoholic. Alcoholism can be classified as a biological disease since the chemical predisposition of alcohol consumptionRead MoreThe Problem Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism1539 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism proves to be a leading cause of brain damage and body malfunction all across America, ultimately endangering your life and the ones around you, but overcoming alcoholism seems to be a harder obstacle to overcome because this addictive drug imprints denial on your brain and makes you think you can stop drinking whenever you want. Denial is one of the hardest hurdles to jump over to getting help for alcoholism and abuse. The desir e to drink is so strong that the mind finds ways to rationalizeRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On The Alcoholic874 Words   |  4 PagesThe best way to fix alcoholism is to treat it as a disease that needs to be cured. Alcoholism is definitely a problem and causes harm to both the alcoholic and the people around them, but it does so in a much different way than a disease such as cancer. Instead, alcoholism is a disease of both physical and mental dependence. Most diseases are treated by surgery or medication, but the only way to fix the problem of alcohol abuse is by changing the mindset of the alcoholic. This is why Hazelden

Positioning Strategies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 419 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? POSITIONING STRATEGIES Positioning refers to creating a favourable image in the mind of the customers so that they perceive the product or a service to be better than that of its competitors. It is also occupying the mind, heart, body and wallet space of customers in the selected target market segment through differential advantage higher than rivals in an irreplaceable way by converting differential advantage into sustainable differential advantage. Positioning is not so much what a product actually is but rather how the company wants its target customers to perceive it. A company can choose from a number of different strategies. DIFFERENT POSITIONING STRATEGIES 1) Positioning by Attribute:- Associating a product with a particular feature. (i) ACE : â€Å"Small is Big. † (ii) Pril : â€Å"Pril clean. Full clean. † (iii) (iv) Positioning by Benefits:- Associating a product with a special customer benefit. (i) SERVO : â€Å"100% PERFORMANCE. EVERY TIME. † (ii) Angel Broking : â€Å"Service Truly Personalised† (iii) Pepsodent G : â€Å"MAKES GUMS HEALTHIER. FIGHTS GERM LONGER. † (v) Positioning by Use or Application:- Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Positioning Strategies" essay for you Create order Associating a product with a specific use or particular application. (i) Surf Excel : â€Å"Surf Excel hena! † (ii) Clinic All Clear : â€Å"Dare to wear Black† (iii) (vi) Positioning by User:- Associating a product with a user or a class of user. (i) BREITLING : â€Å"INSTRUMENTS FOR PROFESSIONALS† (ii) Raymond : â€Å"The Complete Man† (iii) Palio Stile : â€Å"The Fiat of the new generation† (vii) Positioning by Competitor:- Identifying a prouct by using a competitor as reference. (i) IIFL : â€Å"KNOWLEDGE IS THE EDGE† ii) (viii) Positioning by Product Category:- Positioning the product against other products that, while not exactly the same, provide the same class of benefits. (i) Mercedes-Benz: â€Å"The best or nothing. † (ix) Positioning by Quality and Price:- Positioning by price and quality can be done in two ways:- One way to do it is with ads that reflect the image of a high-quality brand where cost, while not irrelevant, i s considered secondary to the quality benefits derived from using the brand. Premium brands positioned at the high end of the market use this approach to positioning Another way to use price/ quality characteristics for positioning is to focus on the quality or value offered by the brand at a very competitive price. Although price is an important consideration, the product quality must be comparable to, or even better than, competing brands for the positioning strategy to be effective. (i) Parle Bisleri: â€Å"Bada Bisleri, same price† (ii) CAMRY: â€Å"Beyond excellence† (iii) BIG BAZAAR: â€Å"Is se sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi! †

Characters Tell The Story. When Plays Start Off You Never

Characters Tell the Story When plays start off you never know what is going to happen. People only see the characters and the way they act. The play writer wants people to feel the emotion and the tension between the actors and actress. People watching plays like mystery, comedy, and romance novel. The goal of a play is to entertain and show the audience a story that they will enjoy. In the play â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, the characters are not like the modern characters. These characters are people of the early years, and they are showing that men have a little more power than women do now. The play starts off telling of a murder and soon the character’s actions begin to unfold. The men of this play are speaking to the women†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Helmer is a woman that likes to spend money and is wanting to give her family a life that they will love. The outside world does not seem to be known to Mrs. Helmer but she has experience in it. She seems happy but deep down she has no clue how long it has been since she loved her husband. She speaks to her husband with love, but he speaks to her in an ill manner. In the play, Mr. Helmer says, â€Å"See! You see! I was right all along that we shouldn’t stayed longer,† he is putting her down and saying he is the only one right and she does nothing right. They have a relationship that is good and bad throughout the play. Mr. Helmer is a husband of authority and treats Nora as a child rather than an equal. He states that she is a play doll and only worried about his place in society. In the play, Dr. Rank is a of friend of the family and soon tells of Nora of him being sick instead of Mr. Helmer. He is very serious about society and does not like joking. Mr. Krogstad is a lawyer and is rotten to the root. He tries contradicting his way back into his job and blackmailing Nora to get his way. Mrs. Linde is an odd friend of Mrs. Helmer and she has just lost her husband. She is a very polite lady and gives thanks to the job Mr. Helmer gave her. The story ends in the wife finally leaving her husband and remember that she is not a doll house. In the play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun,† by LorraineShow MoreRelatedEducating Rita Compare and Contrast1412 Words   |  6 PagesRussell. The play was inspired by Russells experiences at evening classes. Much of the comedy arises from Ritas fresh, unschooled reaction to the classics of English literature. But she is never patronized by the Russell, who recognizes from his own experience that education is a means of escape from ones own circumstances. Educating Rita takes the lives of two people on the opposite ends of the social spectrum and brings them together in the pursuit of education. It is a small intimate play, but itRead MoreAnalysis Of Menaechmus And Comedy Of Errors955 Words   |  4 PagesGreek comedies into plays meant for a Roman audience. Plautus’ The Brothers of Menaechmus, became a sou rce for Shakespeare’s’ play, Comedy of Errors. Shakespeare expands the story line of The Brothers of Menaechmus for his Comedy of Errors. Plautus’ play, The Brothers Menaechmus, heavily influenced Shakespeare’s play Comedy of Errors. First, The Brothers of Menaechmus begins with a humorous prologue performed by an unknown character who directly addresses the audience. Plautus starts the prologue withRead MoreThe Reapers Image1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reapers Image This story is about two men who were transporting an antique mirrow from the first floor of an old museum to the fifth. Their names were Spangler and Carlin. This mirror had a history of being haunted, and some people would look into the mirror and see a hooded figure standing behind them. This figure was presumed to be Death, and whenever someone would see this figure they were never seen again. Carlin spends the whole story trying to convice Spangler that this is reallyRead MoreThe Narrative Creation Of Self In Fahrenheit 4511308 Words   |  6 Pagesseen as the main character and the reason for this whole story because without him there would not be a story at all. However, while Montag is the central character his path is laid out for him by the other characters in the novel. These characters play the most important role in creating the feel of the story. Bradbury comments on humanitys urge to suppress what they do not understand. Clarisse McClellan appearance, actions, ideas, and relationships give important insight to the story. In this paperRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Cat s Eye 1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe story Cat s Eye begins with an extremely short chapter, as the main character quotes her brother. She states, Time is not a line, but a dimension, like the dimension of space. (Atwood 3) This starts off the story as she will continue to look back into her past, and what events made her who she is right now. She also quotes Y ou don t look back along time but down through it, like water. (3) This sets up the entire story as she proclaims that she isn t looking at her past as if it sRead MoreHarveys Dream and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1707 Words   |  7 PagesSneaky Similarities The pair of short stories I will be analyzing and comparing is â€Å"Harvey’s Dream† by Stephen King, and â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† by Joyce Carol Oates. These two stories are similar in many ways, and they can be compared critically based on their diction, point of view, similarities in narration, characterization, tone, et cetera. Though the stories are from different authors and have different plots, by comparing their literary techniques, their similaritiesRead MoreGlaspell s Trifles And The Invisibility Of Women1490 Words   |  6 PagesGlaspell’s Trifles and the Invisibility of Women Susan Glaspell’s play Trifles and Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House are plays that explore a number of important features of femininity and life as a woman. Trifles explores a number of thematic ideas surrounding a woman’s place and her propensity for violence. The Author explores a thematic idea that centers on the proper dispensation of justice: Glaspell critically investigates the question of whether an individual can truly receive justice fromRead MoreThe Role Of Female Characters In Hamlet1347 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is a play about death, revenge, and love. Written by William Shakespeare, this play is famous around the world for its dramatic plot. The central theme of Hamlet is love. The story starts off with a Queen falling in love with the brother of her husband. The Queen decides to quickly marry the brother of her previous husband, when her previous husband suddenly dies. Her son (Prince Hamlet), who loves his biological father and disagrees with his mother ’s quick decision to marry, is quite saddenedRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement856 Words   |  4 Pagesin the world when a superpower country made such an important change, but these ideas of women’s rights were nothing short of new. In Greek theatre many writers used the theatre to get their philosophies, and personal believes out into society, like Sophocles. Sophocles was a Greek tragedine who practically revolutionized the Greek theater. Using more large new innovations in the theatre, Sophocles added more than two characters into his plays, resulting in more in depth characters and intricateRead MoreAnalysis Of Kenneth Branagh s Hamlet1044 Words   |  5 Pagesbased upon a play that was written four hundred years ago by a brilliant writer named William Shakespeare. The one person who I felt caught every line and scene was Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet. Adapting even the works of the great William Shakespeare is a daunting task, but it takes the right mind of a director and writer to fully capture his imagination onto the big screen or on stage. If you do not know who that person is, you must be living under a rock. Literally. One of his great plays, The Merchant

Impact of Oil Revenues on OPEC Members Macroeconomy

Question: a) Identify the nature of resource cost structure and the practical significance of different costs; b) Explain the factors influencing optimum size and the significance of demand and supply relationships; c) Demonstrate an understanding of the relevance and limitations of economic theory to management decisions.? Answer: Introduction The main aim of the study is to analyze that how the oil prices have an impact on the aggregate supply of an economy. Here, Russia has been taken into consideration. The fast and the steady increase of the prices of the oil in between the years 2002-2008 and a large fall of the prices have a great impact on the energy prices. Al-mulali and Che Sab (2012) puts forward since the last two periods, the prices of the oil have increased at a higher rate. The rapid decrease in the prices of the oil benefits the oil importing nations and on the other hand, is disadvantageous for the exporters of the oil. The Russian economy is literally dependent on crude oil ranging between $100-115/barrel which leads to engage into severe problems. But the prices of crude oil have dropped below $80 in the past few years which seems to have typically impacted on Russian economy. The lower level of the energy prices reduces the cost of the production and ultimately causes an increase in the aggregate supply. This shows that the change in the energy price will ultimately have an impact on the business sectors regarding the production and the supply in the short run. Fall in the oil prices The shocks in the oil prices have been caused due to two factors like: OPECs Decision to control the output The wars As per the economic theory, the decrease in the prices of the oil causes the aggregate supply to shift in an upward direction that is to the left. This shows that the aggregate supply will increase and there will be a reduction in the price level (Alom, 2015). At the same time, Alom, (2015) has mentioned that technical fracking is also a considerable approach that estimates in creating trouble in rendering the fall in the oil price. Apart from fuel, petroleum is also used as a medium of energy in several countries. But it is needed to be mentioned with increase in the use of renewable energy in the different countries, demand is oil is slowing down (Azar, 2013). War in most of the Middle East countries has also enabled the oil price to be dropped seriously. It has a cohesive effect on a judgmental factor that analyzes better prodigality in this matter. If the oil price of one of the exporting country falls, then it will lead to the profit of the importing countries as they can be able to procure oil with the lesser amount of foreign currency. The main reason for the fall in the oil prices is that the Russia as it wants to protect their domestic production of the oil. At the same time, it has also wants to safeguard their economy form the foreign attacks. The fall in the price level hampers the investment on the greener pattern of the energy like the cars. On the other hand, the fall in the oil price levels ultimately increases the cost of the environment (Nwosa, 2014). The research studies show that the crude oil prices have been decreased by 50% in the recent periods. The fall in the oil prices, have a huge impact in reducing the cost of transport and the cost of the business. Figure 1: Crude oil prices (Source: Latosov, Volkova and Siirde, 2011, p.140) To analyze through the economic theory, with the dwindling price of oil shifting of to downwards is essential. Along with the other countries Russia exports oil to Italy. Once the price of the oil drops, it becomes critical for the importing countries to handle this approach. Foreign currencies are not as in an esteemed factor that puts its effect on procuring the price. During the recent years, according to the study of Enders and Jones (2015), there has been a drop as much as 50% in the price of the crude oil. A) Impact of Decreasing Oil Price on Russian Economy: The cost of living of the customers declines due to the lower prices of the oil. At the same time Enders and Jones (2015) highlighted that, it will also reduce the transportation cost and in this case, the inflation rate will be lower. This is one of the reason for which the rate of inflation in UK have been decreased to 1.2%. If the real wages is fixed and constant, then the customers have the higher level of income in their hands to spend. This will help the customers to spend more amount of their income on the other products. As per the words of Ben Sita and Abosedra (2013), it is just like the tax cut, which will ultimately increase the value of GDP. The fall in the crude oil prices, have also some of the impacts on the macroeconomics. This will have the two impacts on the economy. Firstly, it will lower the inflation rate in the economy, but on the other hand it will also help in the generation of the higher output within the economy. B) Discussing AS and fall of Oil Price from Russian Economic Viewpoint: Figure 2: Aggregate supply curve (Source: Designed by researcher) The above diagram highlights that the reduction in the oil prices and the cost of the firms shifts the aggregate supply in the rightward direction, which lowers the rate of the inflation and increasing the GDP. Some of the economists like Freedenberg et al. (2014) have shown that the fall of the prices of the oil is ultimately leading to the increase of GDP by 0.1%. OX in the previous design stands for GDP whereas OY is the price level. SRAS1 and SRAS2 = average supply curve appears to be delineated from the short run point of view. Shift from the aggregate supply towards the right projects inflation and hike in GDP Russia. Price level is the most outrageous approach that help in determining exporting nations generating better revenue. Tax revenue funded for a project is also detrimental in this approach that states the revenue the government is spending is funded. The fall in the prices of the oil had very bad impact on the exporters and in this case, the oil exporters funded the government spending. For example, it has been observed that Russia has gained the tax revenue of around 70%. The fall in the prices of the oil, will ultimately leads to the deficit in the budget of the government or it will require the higher rate of the taxes or the cuts in the government spending. Gayfullina and Nizamova (2015) have shown that the other oil exporting countries like Venezuela now days are dependent on the revenues that have been generated by the process of oil production so that the social expenses can be funded properly. Other oil exporting countries like Saudi Arabia and UAE have been building the adequate amount of the foreign exchange reserves so that they can be able to afford the fall in the oil prices in order to generate the revenues. This is the reason for which Saudi Arabia have not responded due to the cut of the output. The fall in the prices of the crude oil weakens the global economy and at the same time reduces the demand. Komijani, Naderi and Gandali Alikhani (2014) critically analyzed the weakness of the global economy, which ultimately hampers the recovery of the economy. Figure 3: Inflation Rate (Source: Nwosa, 2014, p.70) C) Impact of AS on Russian Economy: Latosov, Volkova and Siirde (2011) have shown that fall in the oil prices relieve the consumers to some extent who have the higher amount of flexible income. However, if the deflation is given and if the confidence of the consumers is low then in that case, the customers will save rather than spending the amount on the goods and the services. The main problem is that if the Eurozone made an entry in the deflation, then in that case, it will ultimately lead to the long-term constant growth and it will be bad, as it will ultimately reduce the GDP debt ratios (Nazlioglu and Soytas, 2011). The fall in the prices of the crude oil, have ultimately leads to the fall taken together price level within the economy (deflation). This ultimately leads to the different macroeconomic problems. The problems are the less expenditure on the goods and the services and investment by the consumer. At the same time, it also creates the other problems like increasing the burden of the debt, for the Eurozone economies. Figure 4: Crude Oil prices (Source: Nazlioglu and Soytas, 2011, p.494) In many cases, it has been observed that the customers of UK have welcomed the low prices of the crude oil, as it will ultimately increase their disposable income. At the same time, it will also helps in the strengthening of the economy. For this reason, the Consumer Price Index have been reduced and thus for this reason, the Bank of England delayed their rise in the interest rate (Frydenberg et al. 2014). Russia depends on income that has been generated by exporting the crude oil to the other countries. The research studies shows that around $825 US billion dollars have been generated by the Russia and as the price rate of the oils have been continuously decreasing, the market share of the oil exporting countries have also been reducing at a faster rate. For this reason, the Russia has been suffering from different kinds of the internal problems and in many cases; they are struggling hard in order to satisfy the members (Nazlioglu and Soytas, 2011). Conclusion From the entire chapter, it can be seen that in future there will be an upward pressure on the price of the oil. On the other hand, there will be problem for the transportation. Therefore, in that case, the vehicles need to be fueled by the other sources of the energy that is the renewable sources of energy other than the crude oil. Therefore, it is to be recommended that the energy efficient policies need to be incorporated for the efficient purposes. In the future, the importing countries will be benefited due to the falling oil prices and in this case, the demand will rise. As demand rise, the supplier will increase the oil prices due to shortage of oil. This increase in the price of the oil will contribute to stagflation. Reference List Almulali, U. and Sab, C. (2013). Exploring the impact of oil revenues on OPEC members' macroeconomy.OPEC Energy Review, 37(4), pp.416-428. Al-mulali, U. and Che Sab, C. (2012). Oil prices and the real exchange rate in oil-exporting countries.OPEC Energy Review, 36(4), pp.375-382. Alom, F. (2015). Do crude oil prices spillover food prices? Evidence for Asia and Pacific countries.IJETP, 11(1), p.68. Azar, S. (2013). Oil prices, US inflation, US money supply and the US dollar.OPEC Energy Review, 37(4), pp.387-415. Ben Sita, B. and Abosedra, S. (2013). Causality-in-variance of prices of oil products.OPEC Energy Review, 37(4), pp.373-386. Enders, W. and Jones, P. (2015). Grain prices, oil prices, and multiple smooth breaks in a VAR.Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics Econometrics, 0(0). Frydenberg, S., Onochie, J., Westgaard, S., Midtsund, N. and Ueland, H. (2014). Long-term relationships between electricity and oil, gas and coal future prices-evidence from Nordic countries, Continental Europe and the United Kingdom.OPEC Energy Review, 38(2), pp.216-242. Gayfullina, M. and Nizamova, G. (2015). PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MEMBER COUNTRIES OF OPEC.OGBUS, (2), pp.339-356. Komijani, A., Naderi, E. and Gandali Alikhani, N. (2014). A hybrid approach for forecasting of oil prices volatility.OPEC Energy Review, 38(3), pp.323-340. Latov, E., VOLKOVA, A. and SIIRDE, A. (2011). THE IMPACT OF SUBSIDY MECHANISMS ON BIOMASS AND OIL SHALE BASED ELECTRICITY COST PRICES.Oil Shale, 28(1S), p.140. Nazlioglu, S. and Soytas, U. (2011). World oil prices and agricultural commodity prices: Evidence from an emerging market.Energy Economics, 33(3), pp.488-496. Nwosa, P. (2014). Oil prices and stock market price in Nigeria.OPEC Energy Review, 38(1), pp.59-74.

How does Shakespeare present the relationship between Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

How does Shakespeare present the relationship between Romeo and Juliet Paper Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares’ famous plays about a tragedies during 1600. It’s written during 17th century. Clear , clever and coherent structure is used in play. Dramatic irony and stage-craft is used to show clear arrangement of characters . The play focuses on the romantic love relationship between Romeo and Juliet who belong to families who have had a long standing feud and the consequences of disobeying their parents’. In my opinion, the relationship is one of true love and that fate has brought Romeo and Juliet together. In the 1600s when the play was written in Shakespeare’s time girls needed to obey to their parents’ arranged marriage and obey to husband so girls could not chosen who they would marry. Love between Romeo and Juliet seems to be foolish . The play is written to audience in 17th century. The play reflects that the institutions and unwritten rules created a lot of victims in that century. Both of them are came from feuding familities signifies that a love facing challenges and danger in 17th century. The audience may feel confused for Romeo and Juliet and this play might not evoke their feelings to change their attitudes and view this distinctive love as foolish behaviour as education in 17th century. In a modern day audience may be felt more sorrow than the people in ancient time because of changed of education. People in modern time have chance to choose who they would marry rather than obey parents’ arrabged marriage. The ingenious linguistic features are used by Shakespeare to show tension, timidness, love and happiness. Tension is created when Romeo was being discovered. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Shakespeare present the relationship between Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How does Shakespeare present the relationship between Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How does Shakespeare present the relationship between Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the same time, Romeo dropped his ‘love’ from Rosaline and love Juliet deeply even his life under threat from Tybalt from quote â€Å" To strike him dead, I hold it not a sin. †. This emphasizes how deep of his love. The description of Juliet from Romeo like â€Å"burn bright† signified Juliet ‘s beauty is bright light when shimmer his mind from quote â€Å" O she doth teach the torches to burn bright†. Bright light signifies freedom and true love to Romeo. Bright light is a powerful image to suggest that Juliet is a ray of light to darkness to Romeo and â€Å"burn bright† is a good alliteration to express beauty of Juliet. It’s noticeable enough to audience to emphasizes the supernatural attraction in Act 1, Scene 5. And Romeo ignored all the potential danger suggests that they are fated together. And we know that Romeo love Juliet at first sight from quote â€Å"So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows†. This quote suggests that Juliet’s beauty overcome all the lady in party. This is one of metaphor to show the Romeo was allured by Juliet. In Act 2 scene 1, Romeo describe Juliet as sun but it is still night. They knew that Romeo spoke metaphorically to tell us Juliet is the sun and it is no longer night. It is a powerful metaphor to transform world in service of love. Shakespeare developed a structure which is used to remind the audience the relationship of Montagues and Capulets. Romeo going to the Capulets’ party is considered to be wrong but he insisted and met Juliet . Then, he is allured by presence of Juliet under threat of Tybalt. This structure tells us this love is full of danger. If Romeo don’t insist to go to this party, he may not met Juliet so this tragedies won’t happen. But this tragedies was in Shakespeares’s purpose. The action of Romeo escaped from the party and saw Juliet stand on the balcony and took about himself dramatically suggests that they were fated together and loved each together. To conclude my essay, throughout the key scenes of Romeo and Juliet’s meeting, Shakespeare orderly portray how true, pure and dangerous of their puppy love. Romeo is changed from a traumatized boy to a eager and passionate man. Juliet become disobeyed. They insisted to have an affair and ignorance any danger. Their love was obsessive based on appearance or self sought. Their love is showed by actions which cannot described by words.

Parlement of Paris under Louis XV

Parlement of Paris under Louis XV The period of the reign of Louis XV is characterised by the significant public, judges, and parlements’ opposition to the monarch’s government and to the proposed policies and laws. The opposition can be explained from several perspectives. Thus, the judges did not consider the regent and Louis XV as powerful leaders because their economic and political reforms ended as the great losses for the country.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Parlement of Paris under Louis XV specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the role of the judges in the state was restored during the reign of the regent, but the fact only complicated the situation, making the opposition more obvious. From this point, the opposition against the reign of Louis XV and the associated policies was based on discussing the monarch’s reign as weak with references to the unsuccessful financial policies and to many ineffect ive diplomatic decisions with references to the results of the European wars. The government of Louis XV implemented two ineffective financial policies which made the country’s economics stagnate, and they even led to the decline of definite industries. Moreover, during a long period of time, the French economy depended on inadequate taxation policy. The first attempt to improve the financial situation within the country was associated with the implementation of John Law’s experiment which ended with the significant inflation. The next attempt to change the approaches to the country’s finances was the focus on the fiscal policies. The policy was implemented after the Seven Years War and provoked worsening of the economic situation with references to the newly increased taxation (Swann 1995). The opposition was inevitable. One more reason for developing the opposition is the inability of the government to propose the effective strategy and policy to contribute to the country’s reputation and progress. The participation of France in the Seven Years War did not add to the country’s reputation or status, but it weakened the potential and all the country’s resources, leading to the economic and social instability.Advertising Looking for critical writing on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the situation was not improved because the judges, as the main opposition force, questioned the authority of the monarch and his decision (Swann 1995). Thus, they did not support any reforms proposed to gain the economic and political balance within the country. However, it is also possible to assume that the opposition was significantly based on the ideological wars which were typical for France during the whole period of the monarch’s reign. The status of Unigenitus was one of the most controversial questions associated with the ideological and religious lives of the country. Thus, the role of opposition against the government of Louis XV can be discussed with references to the activities of the Jansenist representatives and to the fact of the Jesuits expulsion in 1764 (Linton 1995; Swann 1995). Nevertheless, the ideological wars had less significant effects on the further development of the country in comparison with the financial and diplomatic failures. Thus, much opposition to the government of Louis XV depends on the general weakness of strategies and policies used by the regent and monarch in order to rule the country. In spite of several years of stability achieved by the monarch’s ministers, the reign of Louis XV is characterised by the loss of the country’s international reputation and internal power. The end of the monarch’s reign is also associated with the opposition movement which became the real challenge for authority and led to the dramatic changes in the country’s politics. References Linton, M 1995, ‘The rhetoric of virtue and the parlements, 1770-1775’, French History, vol. 9 no. 1, pp. 180-201. Swann, J 1995, Politics and the Parlement of Paris under Louis XV, 1754-1774, Cambridge University Press, USA.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Parlement of Paris under Louis XV specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Blue ocean strategy report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Blue ocean strategy report - Essay Example The book Blue Ocean Strategy urges the readers to revisit their basic strategy in trying to run a successful business and acquire a favourable profit while competing with similar companies/ businesses in the market who are offering the same products or services to a limited pool of clients. Ever since people have started doing business, they have been engaged in competition with other companies and have fought over market share and sustained profitable growth. This book deals with two separate market spaces, which are referred to as the â€Å"Red Ocean† and the â€Å"Blue Ocean† respectively. The Red ocean is comprised of all recognized industries also called ‘the known market’ (Kim & Mauborgne, 2015). This market has industry boundaries that are properly defined and rules of competition that is clearly understood. Here, the companies try to outdo their competition in a bid to capture a bigger share of the available market. However, with an increasing number of companies opening up, the market space starts to become saturated and the margins of profit and growth are diminished. This creates a tensed and complex competition in the market (Kim & Mauborgne, 2015). On the other hand the blue ocean represents an unexplored market place; it comprises of those industries that do not exist presently and an unknown market space is present where the competition ceases to exist. The blue oceans offer greater prospects of growth and profit of the company as it simply makes the competition irrelevant. There are no hard and fast rules of competition in this market place due to an absence of competitors. This market opens up new avenues for businessmen to explore where the profit, the market, and the clients are shared with little or no competition (Kim & Mauborgne, 2015). The Blue Ocean Strategy has been applied in the real world with great success; a few examples are Southwest Airlines as it became the world’s first low cost

Intro to Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intro to Philosophy - Essay Example The present paper will uncover the claims of science wherein it does not acknowledge the existence of souls. Moreover, the current study will also take the adage of the religious side wherein they hardly believe with their fundamental faith to a supernatural human being as the master of souls. Thence, every single question to what composes the soul with its possible or impossible existence will be recovered in this paper as the questions will then serve as a justification with regard to how the unanswered questions reveal the perspective of this paper. Scientific Claims â€Å"God did not create life, science created life† (Sanders 237). Such line adheres to the importance of science. It opposes the religious rites and faith of the Christian society. However, the science claims that the evolution itself speaks of how a person could be influenced to what the people in the society dictate which could made them think of a wishful unstoppable life with the concept of soul (Grange 1 6). The scientific studies claim the connection of one’s mental usage of mind in which people use this for the purpose of thinking outside the boundaries of what one loves to think about (Goetz and Taliaferro 152). Accordingly, the soul does not exist because the body makes its own physical features worthy enough to be used as actions will be made and as a person could be able to act what is accordingly reasonable with purpose. Asma claimed that it is the way of science that soul is unclear and unknown because scientists could not prove or see it even in a microscopic way (qtd. in Goetz and Taliaferro 157). The field of science does not believe that a certain word or thing could exist when evidence is not seen. Science did not see anything that would serve as a proof like how invisible the soul is towards how the humanity exists. They believe that souls are definite in terms of how an individual’s mental set of mind primes the body on the proper actions that must be ta ken. Scientists then perceive that soul is just part of a person’s mental structuring in which the body could interact with (Goetz and Taliaferro 157). This could mean that scientists believed that it is the choice and option of every human being to think how soul can be interpreted in one’s set of beliefs. They tend to mean that people dictate their minds to choose on what is proper and inappropriate to believe. To believe in the existence of the soul that would be independent from one’s own body distinguishes that a person believes even when he does not see it. This is what science contradicts about because they could only hear the soul in the dictates of every human being, and they could not justify it in the means of their own practical activities and measurements. Religious Claims What the science claims is contradictory in the field of religion. St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Augustine believed that souls are independent from the body because of the omnipresen t God (Goetz and Taliaferro 30). Christian testaments (old) before in the Christian Medieval period emphasized this notion that souls are not snared inside the body. Religious faiths believe that souls are free and endless because God is the ultimate beholder of it. Every human being deserves to be less humane when death came across their lives because the religion took beneath on what the supernatural power of God condemns. Religion believes that

Presidency of Andrew Jackson Essay Example for Free

Presidency of Andrew Jackson Essay The early nineteenth century was first of all marked with the making of American national identity. Presidency of Andrew Jackson is usually addressed as revolution in American democracy as since that time rapid development of politics, social relationships, national economy and religious started. Tremendous social changes described in Tocqueville’s â€Å"Democracy In America† written in the middle of nineteenth century that amazed Europeans with tremendous democratic, social, national and economic development of the United States serves one more incontestable prove for the forming of American nation during the period. Jackson appeared a symbol of the self-made man for many Americans. He managed to inspire people the idea of American national identity through his multiple successful reforms and personal achievements 1. Strengthening of American political and party system, gradual development of two-party system, fair people-centered politics and successful innovations helped the nation to overcome previous colonial mentality and build a prosperous welfare society of XIX century America. Symbolizing himself the changes in country’s political system Jackson indeed made the nation to believe in him and his policy targeted to improve the lives of all common Americans. For many Americans who associated Jackson primarily with the Battle of New Orleans in 1912 his coming to power was a synonym of the same successes in archaic and corrupted political sphere . As the war hero Jackson captured imagination of people and dedicated loyalty of a great part of American society. He was believed to be a symbol, a kind of a national ideal, a self-made man possessing strong will and moral courage. Many researchers believe that the very idea of national identity, American nationalism has its roots in Jackson’s presidency 4. Jackson was elected a President of the United States in 1828, and soon supported several very important changes both in political and social milieus. Before all, Jackson increased the power of the Executive Office. This measure was targeted to ensure the rights of the common Americans and suggest them the idea of a sole nation. Jackson’s changes were first of all targeted to reinforce people, inspire them a vaporized feeling that a government is before all for the people, not vice versa. Jackson believed that no social group or privileged class are entitled to any special political or economic advantage. These rich minorities that were in power prior to Jackson didn’t respect the will of common Americans and the real political power was concentrated in the hands of an elite minority. Jackson’s electoral campaign and future policy was targeted to clean up corruption in Washington. In his electoral program Jackson declared that people were cheated by previous Adams’ administration and corruptions and intrigues in Washington defeated the will of common Americans. These ideas united people around the idea of fair politics: factory workers, frontiersmen, farmers, bankers, and businessmen from all across the United States rallied behind Jackson. He appeared that charismatic leader that gathered the nation. Even his nickname â€Å"King Andrew† serves a good illustration of his respect amidst the common people. These promises and real deeds of Jackson indeed helped people to identify them as Americans and became proud of the own country. Almost 20. 000 citizens, an incredible crowd in XIX century, greeted Jackson near the White House after he was elected! After Jackson was elected a president his primary efforts were focused on making that political and economic changes that eventually helped American society to become more democratic and welfare. Jackson sufficiently reconsidered the very idea of presidency, partially, the issue of presidential veto. Jackson changed the perception of the presidential veto. It had originally been viewed as something the president could do if he considered a bill unconstitutional. Jackson eventually made it clear that the president could veto a bill on whatever grounds he saw fit. The first president to proclaim himself the elected representative of all the American people, Jackson did not hesitate to use the power of veto. Jackson himself vetoed twelve bills, more than all of his predecessors all together. His use of the powers of removal and of executive orders paved the way for the modern American presidency 6. Jackson has made a government more open to the common people and sensitive to their wills through implementation of his principle of â€Å"rotation in office†. He believed that no person should regard officeholding as a right he decided to protect the nation from a permanent, aristocratic officeholding elite through removing of long-term officeholders. Nevertheless that only a small part of federal officials were indeed removed by Jackson, this policy helped the President to become even more popular in the society. This measure also helped Americans to trust authorities and respect political power 7. Rapid economic development and growing demand for man power determined rapid social migration within the county that also prompted self-identification of people. It was the very beginning of a legendary â€Å"American Dream† idea further united the nation. The old way of living was reshaped by the influence of Industrial Revolution. Traditional political system was unable to promote development of the country as far as both the political and economic layers concentrated in the hands of a small minority. Jackson, instead, suggested different standards of economic development. Jackson’s economic policy caused rapid development of territories, huge growth of cities and transportations. In the new democratic American society built by Jackson, people no longer associated themselves with family background, occupation, or class to define themselves. Believe in a self-made man based on the example of Andrew Jackson helped to new model of people’s self-identification according to the different standards 8. Jackson himself supported several controversial decisions that, however, were popular in that time society. One of such measures undertaken by Jackson was a notorious Indian Removal. National interest in Middle West territories and personal feelings of a President as a former Indian fighter led to the governmental decision to move all eastern Indian tribes to the territories beyond Mississippi. The removal policy of Jackson was popular among white majority of the country that obtained new fertile lands 9. Andrew Jackson’s foreign policy also promoted nation’s consolidation and evoked people’s proud of being Americans. The President eventually ended the long-lasting disputes with the United Kingdom and France. In 1937 Jackson recognized Texas’ independence from Mexico. At the same time he rejected the calls for its joining the country due to the slavery policy of the state. Territorial expansions of America were also helpful in forming of national dignity and proud of the common people. Jackson’s presidency, his political and social outlooks and reforms indeed help the nation to recognize its unity and role in establishment of fair democratic society. The rise of national identity during Jackson’s presidency helped people to build completely different nation and welfare country.

Goodbye Chicken Little :: essays research papers

The name of my book is Good-bye, Chicken Little, and was written by Betsy Byars. Betsy Byars has written over fifty books for young people. Her first book was published in 1962 and since then she has published regularly. She also won the Newbery Medal in 1971 and the American Book Award in 1981. Good-bye, Chicken Little is a book written for younger readers which I consider to be an adventurous book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good-bye, Chicken Little takes place in Morgantown, West Virginia. The story is written from a modern-day viewpoint. Jimmie Little, the main character, is a typical young boy who enjoys spending time with his friend Conrad. Mrs. Little, Jimmies mom, is a widow woman who has two children, Jimmie and Cassie. Both of these characters are very effective characters all throughout the novel. Jimmie and Mrs. Little are both very likeable characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jimmie Little is scard of life. Ever since his father’s death, the world has seemed so unpredictable that Jimmie nicknamed himself Chicken Little. Good-bye, Chicken Little is a perceptive exploration of Jimmies reaction to his Uncle Pete’s death, which takes place at the beginning of the novel. Jimmies uncle is well known for his jokes and pranks. On a cold wintry day, while visiting the bar, Pete, while drunk, was dared to walk across the river which ran through town. As usual, Pete accepted the dare and wasn’t fortunate enough to make it across without falling in and being killed. Because Jimmie was at the river side when Uncle Pete began to cross the river and did nothing more than he did to stop him he feels worse than ever. This terrible feeling of guilt Jimmie has last only until a special party with his relative which provides him with the understanding to face life no matter what happens instead of running away. The novel is fast-moving a nd does a good job of holding your attention until the end. The climax of the story is when Mrs. Little all the sudden decides to have a party which will bring together all of their family that is still living.

Focus On Learner Pronunciation Problems Essay

In Portuguese, R at the beginning of words, at the end of words, or before a consonant is pronounced like H. Many Brazilian students carry this habit into English words, pronouncing â€Å"restaurant† as â€Å"hestaurant† and â€Å"far† as â€Å"fah.† It’s especially common when the English word and the Portuguese word are similar, such as in â€Å"restaurant† and â€Å"regular.† SOLUTION: First, I have my students work on pronouncing the English R sound by itself. I demonstrate the correct mouth position and they imitate me. Then, we work on each word while exaggerating the R sound – so we say rrrrememberrrr, for example. Finally, we practice making that exaggerated R sound shorter and shorter until the student gets used to saying remember with an English R. It feels a little ridiculous, but it works! PROBLEM: Similar words Fortunately, Portuguese and English have a lot of true cognates – words that are similar in both languages, such as area, animal, culture, famous, music, romantic, hamburger, and sports. This makes it easier to remember the vocabulary – but more difficult to remember to pronounce the words â€Å"the English way.† SOLUTION: To show the difference in the sounds, I make comparisons with words that they already know and pronounce well in English – â€Å"The ‘a’ in animal is like the ‘a’ in and,† for example. I also draw attention to syllable stress – popular in English vs. popular in Portuguese. PROBLEM: Final consonants Portuguese doesn’t have letters like D, T, G, P, and K at the end of words, so it’s common for Brazilian students to accidentally add a little vowel sound at the end of English words – so big sounds like bigg-ee and stop becomes stopp-ee. One of the most famous is difficult turning into difficulty – which is also an English word, but the first is an adjective and the second is a noun. SOLUTION: I start with words ending in P because they’re the easiest to practice – we practice saying â€Å"stop,† â€Å"help,† and others, and I tell them to keep their lips together for a second at the end, then â€Å"release† them without making an extra sound. Then we move on to â€Å"rock,† â€Å"get,† â€Å"thing,† â€Å"good,† and so on, again, â€Å"holding† the final consonant for a moment before â€Å"releasing† it soundlessly.

Mobile ad hoc networks MANET - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3630 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network capable of autonomous operation. MANET routing has no fixed base station and hence nodes in the network are mobile and self configuring. A MANET is characterized by multi hop routing so that nodes are not connected to layer 2 but can communicate through layer 3 routing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mobile ad hoc networks MANET" essay for you Create order In MANET every node is a potential router and the topologies are dynamic due to node mobility. This paper presents a comprehensive study of four MANET routing protocols ADOV (Ad Hoc On demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) and TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm). For experimental purpose six scenarios have been considered. These 6 scenarios are generated with 3 different traffic parameters namely high resolution video, light HTTP and high FTP load. This traffic was passed individually on to each scenario on 2 different node setup (20, 100 nodes). Finally, graphical evaluation of each protocol was based on their performances which are calculated on the basis of performance metrics used which are End to end delay, Network load and Throughput. Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter demonstrates a brief overview of the project. Now days in our day to day life we see so many changes around the world accelerating with respect to technology. In this technical world Internet has brought revolution in communication media. Communication is said to the method of information exchange either between two people or between two end users (in terms of computers). Communication is said to be done when a file or a message is passed over the medium among two people. Here the usage of internet comes into existence. Internet can be used as shared medium for information interchange between users around the globe. This information can be of any type: Short Message Mail File transfers Video Audio etc When these types of information are passed among internet, it uses either the wired media (for connecting users locally) or wireless media (for connecting locally or globally). When this information exchange is done the packets carry that information through the protocols available for the respective media to deliver the packet to the destination. This is the process of information exchange. In this paper, similar work is experimented over MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) [chapter 2] for information exchange using four different protocols. This setup was done internally over a virtual setup of networks using OPNET modeller 14.5. So the investigation of protocols is done based on the performance of each protocol. In the scenarios, each protocol is passed with 3 different types of traffics namely: High FTP load, High Resolution Video and Light HTTP Browsing. This thesis concludes the performance of four routing protocols towards through the end. Keywords: MANET, AODV, OLSR, TORA, DSR, OPNET Modeler 14.5. 1.1 Organisation of Thesis: This thesis gives an overview of how the project is organised with respect to each chapter. The very first chapter is Introduction of the Thesis, which shows a project idea and the tasks to achieve the goals. Second chapter Literature Survey which contains the studies and work which has been done previously by other authors on the related topics with the parameters used by them for their work. The scenarios used for my work are related somewhere by overall different results are taken with different parameters used. Again the classification and the background work of MANETs are explained following the comparison of MANET routing protocols. The parameters and scenarios used for my work are explained briefly with the simulation setup in chapter 3, Implementation. The results of the simulations and experiments performed are explained in chapter 4, Performance Evaluation and Design. The results are taken graphically which helps in comparing the results for routing protocols against the pe rformance metrics used to investigate the performance. The graphs are explained briefly in chapter 4. The results gathered with the help of scenarios in chapter 3 are concluded with the future work on the routing protocols in chapter 5, Conclusion and Future Work. Finally the supported documents for the project which helped in making the simulation and project start up is kept in Appendix A. And finally chapter 6 shows all the sources and references used for the thesis to help in achieving all the supported information and work. 1.2 Objective of Work The main objective of this work is to study the different routing protocols, which are developed for Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs), and to compare the different routing protocols by using simulation tool OPNET Modeler 14.5. As a part of the work four major routing protocols OLSR, AODV, DSR and TORA have been selected and carried out the simulations for comparing the performance of these protocols. Three performance metrics delay; Network Load and Throughput are used to compare the performance of the routing protocols. Objective 1 To get a clear understanding and functioning of different routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc networks. This objective could be achieved by reading and understanding the various papers available on routing protocols of Mobile Ad hoc networks. Objective 2 To do a literature survey of previous work done on MANET Routing Protocols so that something different and efficient simulation could be introduced. For this objective different articles and papers published has been studied thoroughly and analysed from websites, books and all relevant resources available. By going through literature survey on routing protocols, the desired simulation environment and setup have been introduced with different simulation parameters. Literature Survey is explained in chapter 2. Objective 3 Conducting an experiment and collecting the output data: This objective has been achieved by designing the appropriate networks with the appropriate simulation parameters and running a simulation for different protocols for different performance metrics. After conducting the simulation the output data have been collected graphically. The results are shown graphically and explained in the project in chapter 4. Objective 4 Analyzing the output data and ending up with summary and the conclusion: The results have been studied and explained in chapter 4. After studying the simulation results conclusion has been made with some future work which can be done further. Conclusion of the project and future work is explained in chapter 5. Chapter 2: Literature Survey 2.1 Introduction This chapter gives a brief introduction about the work done in previous related papers and reports related to this project. In addition, the introduction to the routing protocols and their classification with respect to routing is demonstrated. This chapter is a short review of the previous work done and the additional objectives regarding routing protocols. The four MANET routing protocols are selected to evaluate the performances; they are OLSR, AODV, DSR and TORA. The further implementations of these protocols are explained later in this thesis (Chapter 3). MANET is an infrastructure less network which provides the freedom to the nodes to be free to move anywhere in the network (Stefano Basagni, 2004). 2.2 Related Work on Routing Protocols: As we see from (Mahmoud), analysis of two reactive protocols DSR and TORA were done using OPNET Modeller. In their simulation scenario, they used 50 wireless devices in each scenario with constant traffic parameters and protocol specification settings. They have passed FTP traffic of 1000 bytes making it constant throughout the simulation. Evaluation of these protocols was done based on the performance metrics used which are: Delay, Data dropped, Throughput and media access delay. Their simulation results shows that DSR performance was better than TORA in terms of throughput as TORA produces less throughput due to additional overhead used for path creation and path maintenance. At the same time TORA minimizes communication overhead by localization which results in less delay when compared to DSR as there is no such mechanism in DSR. Similarly, from (Zukarnain, 2009) they have done evaluation of MANET routing protocol AODV in order to establish the connection between the nodes since the mobile node can change their topology frequently. So their study was carried on different mobile node movement pattern which are: Random Waypoint Mobility Model, Random Walk Mobility Model and Random Direction Mobility Model. In order to evaluate the performance of the protocol with these node movement patterns, performance metrics used were Routing overhead, Throughput and Packet delivery ratio. They used 2 simulation scenarios where in the first scenario comparison was made on different mobility model varying different number of nodes 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 with fixed speed of 15m/s and in other case comparison was made to evaluate the protocol on different mobility models with varying speeds 5, 10, 15, 20 m/s and 50 nodes as constant all through. They concluded that Random waypoint model is best for AODV compared to other mobility m odels as the protocol produces highest throughput than compared to others. Other related work from (Nyirenda, 2009) gives the similar working of MANET routing protocols AODV, OLSR, DSR and TORA on OPNET 14.5. Their work carried out for study the performance of the four protocols by different performance metrics which are: Network load, Packet delivery ratio, Packet end-to-end delay and Throughput. The simulation setup which was implemented on 6 different scenarios where the traffic passing on to the network was ranging from low to high network load, nodes changing from 5, 20, 50 and with speed ranging from 10 m/s to 28 m/s. Mobility model used in this was Random waypoint model for mobility pattern. They conclusions included in their work showed that OLSR performed better compared to the other protocols as it has a bad routing overhead and hence it is well suited for large and complex networks. So apart from routing overhead OLSR performed better but with routing overhead DSR is better. But when in small network AODV is much better compared to other protocol s. So finally, proactive protocols perform well in high capacity links whereas reactive protocols perform better in low capacity networks. From another paper (Maltz, 2001), we see that working on demand routing protocols in MANET was done where DSR protocol was compared to other on demand protocols like AODV, TORA and DSDV. Simulation setup carried is represented in tables below: With the above simulation setup the protocols were evaluated based on the performance metrics used which was Packet delivery ratio, Routing overhead, Path optimality and lower speed of nodes. The conclusions showed that DSR performed well when referred to packet loss rate and routing over head is concerned. Of all careful implementation done with all the above parameters tested on the experiment test beds DSR out performed in every case scenario used when compared all the other protocols used in this setup. 2.3 Background Work A network can be said as association of different systems or organizations where sharing the information can be done collectively. Whereas in computing terms it can be simply defined as a group of computers connected together logically to share information like printing, faxing, etc The network can be divided into 2 types based on their working behaviour. They are: Infrastructure network: These networks are used where the topology is said to be limited and there is a fixed point like base station (generally referred as router) to transmit signals and the end points which are connected to base station communicate with each other devices on the network switching from one base station to another. When a node moves out of range within its network, then it is said to be connected to another base station range where this process is referred as handoff. We can often see this type of mechanisms in infrastructure and fixed or wired networks. Infrastructure less network: These networks are a typical type of networks where there are no such fixed nodes or topologies on the network and the end pints or devices on the network are free to communicate with each other devices on the network as each device on the network behave themselves as routers and encourages communication process all over the network. By this we can say that wireless technology is a promising technology that can tolerate the information exchange worldwide. In the last decade we can also see the constant increase in the growth wireless technology issues, one of which being mobile devices such as laptops, cell phones, PDAs etc Ad hoc networks are also the part of this type of network. Mobile Ad hoc network is a new technology emerged with the hypothesis of wireless networks. These networks are very typical and do not use any fixed infrastructure for communication process. The nodes connected in these networks are wireless links which are mobile in nature and communicate with each other mobile node in the network with radio transmission and topology is said to establish by the intermediate nodes on the network which are helpful for communication process. As there are no fixed infrastructure and limited topology constraints the nodes on the network are free to join and leave the network and this is possible as the nodes on the network are mobile. Due to this random movement of the nodes in the network the topology of the network changes dynamically. Due to this change protocol must be able to acclimatize with these movements and are also responsible to maintain the routes of the information travelled without disturbing network connectivity. This concept of ad hoc network allows each node on its network to act like router, resulting in the flow of information exchange with multi hop routing. These types of networks are widely used in military and other rescue applications. (Saadawi, 2003) 2.4 Routing: Routing is the process of moving the data from one place of the network to another. The one end should be the source which intends to transfer the data to the destination (other end). The concept of routing has been there since 1970s but it has caught the move in 1980s. In 1970s networks were simple and today there are large scale networks in existence. To move the data from one host to another at least one router is required in the network. Router has all the information regarding hosts in the network and it can manipulate the best possible route as well. (Javvin, 2004) Routing takes place at Layer 3 in OSI 7 layer Model. Some of the protocols at layer 3 are IP and IS-IS. These protocols carry the data between source and destination along with their addresses in the data packet. Routing involves two basic activities; Path Determination and Switching. These two activities are capable to determine the optical routing path and to transfer the data packets through internetworking. This is called Switching. Switching can still be easy where as determining the reliable path is difficult. Path Determination: Routing make use of the different routing protocols to determine the best possible path to deliver the data. Routing protocols use the metric to calculate which the best possible path to accomplish the task is. The metric used could be path bandwidth, path length, delay etc. to determine the optimal path. To determine the path in the network, routing algorithms maintains the routing tables which are used to store the routing information about the network. Routers communicate with each other in order to maintain their routing tables which make communication easier and faster. Routing information can vary according to the routing algorithm used for the process. (Cisco, 2010) Switching: Apart from path determination, router shows one more activity; Packet Switching. Switching simply means forwarding the required data from one interface to the another in order to reach the destination. In this case, the data to be forwarded is packet. The next interface address is decided by using the destination address present in the packet. Though the nodes know the next hop address, they still need to know how to use it. So for that reason they use routing tables. The routing table throws the packet away when the destination is unknown. But when the destination is known routing table posses all the interface information forming the route to the destination. (2006) The next hop address could be another host or either it could be a router. According to ISO developed hierarchical terminology, the systems which have the capability to forward the data from the source to the destination are called Intermediate Systems (IS) and the systems which fails to do so are called as End systems (ES). When it is a router it follows the same procedure as this one, and if it is a host it simply forwards the packet. In packet switching, the Layer 3 address of the source and the destination remains the same to authenticate the original sender and the receiver. However the Layer 2 address (MAC) changes from router to router and from router to host which at last determines the destination host. (Cisco, 2010) 2.5 Ad hoc Networks An ad hoc network is a collection of many autonomous nodes connected together by radio waves and maintain the connectivity in decentralised manner. Wireless ad hoc networks are connected through wireless links so there is no need of any physical medium and hence contend of the medium is always there such as noise, interference and fading. On ad hoc networks each node functions as a node and a router itself. It simply means there is no need of an additional switch or a router to route the data and the control is given to the nodes themselves. (Yang Li, 2010) 2.6 Mobile Ad hoc Networks: A Mobile Ad hoc Network is an autonomous network formed by hundreds or thousands of nodes. These networks dont need any infrastructure as they can act as a node and router itself. They are free to move anywhere in the network and are connected through radio links. The only limitation with the MANETs is that they can communicate in a particular rage of the radio waves and outside the network they need some additional arrangements to communicate. To overcome this limitation the Intermediate Node or sometimes called as Relays are brought into picture. Intermediate nodes help in forwarding the packets to the destination. In MANET nodes are free to travel anywhere in the network, hence network topology cannot be fixed for such networks and it keeps changing depending on the current location of the nodes. (ANTDS, 2001) The fundamental differences between the wired networks and MANET are: Asymmetric Links Redundant Link Interference Dynamic Topology 2.7 Characteristics of MANETs There are several MANET routing protocols which should handle the several inherent characteristics of MANETs as follows as mentioned in (Subbarao)(Jain, 2005): Dynamic Topologies: Since the MANET is infrastructure less ad hoc networks, the nodes are free to move arbitrarily. The mobility of nodes may be random and so unpredictable. So the links between the nodes may be unidirectional or bidirectional at times. Bandwidth Constrained, Variable Capacity Wireless Links: Wireless links generally are bandwidth constrained. Since there is a lower capacity in wireless links as compared to the wired links, the traffic congestion is typical rather than different. Energy/Power Constrained Operation: Energy consumption is vital in MANETs as these nodes operate typically off power limited sources. Some or all nodes in MANETs rely on batteries. Limited Physical Security: Wireless networks like MANETs are more vulnerable with the security issues available with them. Issues like eavesdropping, jammer attack, spoofing and denial of service attacks must be carefully considered. 2.8 Need of MANET Routing Protocols A mobile ad hoc routing protocol is used to discover new routes and maintain the existing routes between the nodes in the network. MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is the collecting of mobile nodes which are present in random manner in the network has the capacity to communicate and exchange information effectively over the network by facilitating the intermediate nodes for their communication. The essential task of a MANET protocol is to create or discover the correct and efficient routes between the nodes so that information can be delivered accurately with respect to time. Route construction should be done with less overhead and minimal bandwidth consumption for effective communication. 2.9 Applications of MANETs Applications of MANETs can be used in many critical situations today and are increasing widely. There are many applications of MANETs today and some of them are mentioned here. An ideal application is for search and rescue operations. Such kind of operations is characterized by the networks without having an infrastructure present. One of the reasons for this may be because all of the equipment was destroyed or may be the region is too remote. Rescuer must be capable of communicating to use their energy fairly and also they must maintain the security. Carrying the equipments for communication that the rescuers are already using makes the job easier. The commercial application for MANETs includes computing everywhere which means the mobile devices are free to move anywhere in the network and yet it is possible to be in communication with the devices. The computers are allowed to forward the data to another computer or data networks may be extended far beyond the considered reach. Such networks may be more widely available and much easier in use. Another important application of MANETs is Sensor Networks. Sensor networks are composed of very large number of small sensors which are able to detect number of properties of the area, for example; temperature, pressure, toxins, pollutions etc. In this case, the capability of sensor network is much limited. So there is always need to forward data to the central computer and for this purpose they have to rely upon others in order to forward data to the central computer. The sensor networks individually are limited in their computing capabilities but together can be very effective and the key to future homeland security. But individual sensors because of their limited computing capabilities can prove prone to failure and loss. There are many other applications of MANETs like personal area networking where the communicating nodes may be mobile phones, laptops etc. Also this has a potential in military operations with the nodes of the network as soldiers, tanks and airplanes. Many more areas includes civilian environment to diverse taxi cab networks, conference rooms, boats and ships. (Bluetronix, 2006) 2.10 Classification of Routing Protocols According to (Jain, 2005), ad hoc routing protocols can be classified mainly into two categories: Table driven (proactive) Routing